MetaboLights
A thioselenide in which a selenium atom is attached to the sulfur atoms of two molecules of glutathione. It is an initial metabolite of selenite, SeO3(2-).
Identification
GS-Se-SG
GSSeSG
N,N'-((selenodithio)bis(1-((carboxymethyl)carbamoyl)ethylene))di-L-glutamine
N,N'-[(selenodithio)bis{1-[(carboxymethyl)carbamoyl]ethylene}]di-L-glutamine
Europe PubMed Central results
Capsulorhexis with 23-gauge vitreous cutter in intumescent cataract surgery: Case series.
Author: Limon U, Akçay BIS.
Abstract: A capsulorhexis technique with a 23-gauge vitreous cutter in intumescent cataract surgery is presented. These patients have a high risk of uncontrollable extension of the opening of the anterior lens capsule. We used vitreous cutter for capsulorhexis along with the other steps performed as in standard phacoemulsification surgery. This technique allows controlled capsulorhexis and may be an alternative method in patients with intumescent cataracts with high intralenticular pressure and absence of red reflex.
Surgical and Technical Modalities for Hearing Restoration in Ear Malformations.
Author: Dazert S, Thomas JP, Volkenstein S.
Abstract: Malformations of the external and middle ear often go along with an aesthetic and functional handicap. Independent of additional aesthetic procedures, a successful functional hearing restoration leads to a tremendous gain in quality of life for affected patients. The introduction of implantable hearing systems (bone conduction and middle ear devices) offers new therapeutic options in this field. We focus on functional rehabilitation of patients with malformations, either by surgical reconstruction or the use of different implantable hearing devices, depending on the disease itself and the severity of malformation as well as hearing impairment. Patients with an open ear canal and minor malformations are good candidates for surgical hearing restoration of middle ear structures with passive titanium or autologous implants. In cases with complete fibrous or bony atresia of the ear canal, the most promising functional outcome and gain in quality of life can be expected with an active middle ear implant or a bone conduction device combined with a surgical aesthetic rehabilitation in a single or multi-step procedure. Although the surgical procedure for bone conduction devices is straightforward and safe, more sophisticated operations for active middle ear implants (e.g., Vibrant Soundbridge, MED-EL, Innsbruck, Austria) provide an improved speech discrimination in noise and the ability of sound localization compared with bone conduction devices where the stimulation reaches both cochleae.
Giant Cell Tumor in Tarsal Midfoot Bones: A Case Report.
Author: Abed Alharbi W, Mohammed Alshareef H, Hennawi YB, Munshi AA, Khalid Alzahrani A.
Abstract: Diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumor (D-TGCT), previously known as pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS), is a benign, aggressive, and distracting proliferative synovial lesion. D-TGCT is commonly seen in large joints such as the knee and hip. We present the case of a 57-year-old female who initially presented with swelling on the left midfoot that increased over four years. Clinically, a ganglion was suspected on the left midfoot and an MRI showed a heterogeneous lobulated soft tissue mass on the superior aspect of the tarsal midfoot measuring 5.8 x 2.4 x 4.2 cm. The mass causing remodeling and bony erosion was more appreciated at the medial aspect of the talus bone and extended to the sinus tarsi and talocalcaneal joint space. Surgical excision of the mass was performed, and pathology reports found lobulated soft tissue lesions composed of mononuclear cells, multinucleated giant cells, sheets of foamy macrophages, inflammatory cells, and hemosiderin-laden macrophages. This case represents D-TGCT without atypia or malignancy based on the findings.
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56215
The Association Between Screen Time and Outdoor Time on Adolescent Mental Health and Academic Performance: Evidence from Rural China.
Author: Wang H, Abbey C, Kennedy T, Feng E, Li R, Liu F, Zhu A, Shen S, Wadhavkar P, Rozelle S, Singh MK.
Abstract: <h4>Purpose</h4>We examine how adolescent free time allocation-namely, screen time and outdoor time-is associated with mental health and academic performance in rural China.<h4>Methods</h4>This paper used a large random sample of rural junior high school students in Ningxia (n = 20,375; <sub>age</sub>=13.22), with data collected from self-reported demographic questionnaires (to assess free time allocation), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (to assess mental health), and a standardized math test (to measure academic performance). We utilized a multivariate OLS regression model to examine associations between free time allocation and adolescent outcomes, controlling for individual and family characteristics.<h4>Results</h4>Our sample's screen time and outdoor time both averaged around 1 hour. About 10% of the sample adolescents reported behavioral difficulties, while a similar percentage (11%) reported abnormal prosocial behaviors. Adolescents with higher levels of screen time (>2 hours) were 3 percentage points more likely to have higher levels of behavioral difficulties (p<0.001), indicating that excessive screen time was associated with worse mental health. Meanwhile, outdoor time was associated with better mental health, and positive correlations were observed at all levels of outdoor time (compared to no outdoor time, decreasing the likelihood of higher levels of behavioral difficulties by between 3 and 4 percentage points and of lower prosocial scores by between 6 and 8 percentage points; all p's<0.001). For academic performance, average daily screen times of up to 1 hour and 1-2 hours were both positively associated with standardized math scores (0.08 SD, p<0.001; 0.07 SD, p<0.01, respectively), whereas there were no significant associations between outdoor time and academic performance.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Using a large sample size, this study was the first to examine the association between adolescent free time allocation with mental health and academic performance, providing initial insights into how rural Chinese adolescents can optimize their free time.
DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s384997
Circulating metabolomics profiling reveals novel pathways associated with cognitive decline in patients with hypertension.
Author: Huang Y, Zheng H, Tan K, Sun X, Ye J, Zhang Y.
Abstract: <h4>Background</h4>Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and it is associated with dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although it may be correlated with AD in terms of symptoms, the link between hypertension and AD pathological biomarkers, and the potential underlying mechanism of hypertension with cognitive decline, are still not well understood.<h4>Methods</h4>The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were used to evaluate cognitive function. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to examine plasma amyloid-beta (Aβ)<sub>40</sub>, Aβ<sub>42</sub>, and tau concentration in hypertensive patients. Metabolomics and metagenomics were performed to identify the significantly changed circulating metabolites and microbiota between healthy individuals and hypertensive patients. Pearson's correlation was used to examine the association between cognitive indicators and differential metabolites.<h4>Results</h4>We found significantly decreased MMSE scores, elevated plasma Aβ<sub>40</sub>, and decreased Aβ<sub>42</sub>/Aβ<sub>40</sub> ratio in hypertensive patients, which are critically associated with AD pathology. Based on metabolomics, we found that significantly altered metabolites in the plasma of hypertensive patients were enriched in the benzoate degradation and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways, and they were also correlated with changes in MMSE scores and Aβ<sub>42</sub>/Aβ<sub>40</sub> ratio. In addition, metabolomics signaling pathway analysis suggested that microbial metabolism was altered in hypertensive patients. We also identified altered blood microbiota in hypertensive patients compared with the controls.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our study provides a novel metabolic and microbial mechanism, which may underlie the cognitive impairment in hypertensive patients.
The selenium metabolite selenodiglutathione induces cell death by a mechanism distinct from H2O2 toxicity.
Author: Wu L, Lanfear J, Harrison PR.
Abstract: Our previous studies have implicated the selenium metabolite selenodiglutathione (SDG) in the growth inhibitory effects of selenite in vitro. Other work has suggested that reactive oxygen species, the superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, may be implicated in selenite toxicity. In this study the mechanism of growth inhibition by SDG and H2O2 has been compared in a mammary cell line, C57. Both SDG and H2O2 had a rapid effect on C57 cells and markedly reduced cloning efficiency within 1 h. However, the mechanisms involved seem to be different, as judged by the following observations: (i) An SDG-resistant cell line (B19) derived from C57 cells is cross-resistant to selenite, but not H2O2; (ii) SDG reduces the levels of the mRNAs for phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase and cytosolic glutathione peroxidase, whereas H2O2 has no effect; (iii) SDG induces both 560 kb and 50 kb DNA fragments, whereas H2O2 only induces 560 kb DNA fragments. This is of interest, since formation of high molecular weight DNA fragments has been recognized as a characteristic of apoptosis.
Genetically predicted bipolar disorder is causally associated with an increased risk of breast cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.
Author: Peng H, Wu X, Ge F, Huo Z, Wen Y, Li C, Lin J, Liang H, Zhong R, Liu J, Wang R, He J, Liang W.
Abstract: <h4>Background</h4>Epidemiologic findings suggested that bipolar disorder (BD) may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. However, there are few studies that comprehensively evaluating their correlation and the causal effect remains unknown. With a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, we were able to investigate the causal relationship between genetically predicted BD and breast cancer risk.<h4>Methods</h4>Utilizing 14 BD-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs) identified by the latest genome-wide association studies (GWASs), we investigated the correlation between genetically predicted BD and breast cancer risk using summary statistics from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium, with a total of 122,977 cases and 105,974 controls. Study-specific estimates were summarized using inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. To further evaluate the pleiotropy, the weighted median and the MR-Egger regression method were implemented. Subgroup analyses according to different immunohistochemical types of breast cancer were also conducted.<h4>Results</h4>MR analyses demonstrated that genetically predicted BD was causally associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (OR =1.059; 95% CI: 1.008-1.112, P=0.0229). When results were examined by immunohistochemical type, no causal effects between genetically predicted BD and estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer (OR =1.049, 95% CI: 0.999-1.102 P=0.0556) and ER-negative breast cancer (OR =1.032, 95% CI: 0.953-1.116 P=0.4407) were observed. Additionally, the results demonstrated the absence of the horizontal pleiotropy.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our findings provided evidence for a causal relationship between genetically predicted BD and an increased risk of breast cancer overall. Further studies are warranted to investigate the underlying mechanism.
DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5372
Metal ions and nanometallic materials in antitumor immunity: Function, application, and perspective.
Author: Shen F, Fang Y, Wu Y, Zhou M, Shen J, Fan X.
Abstract: The slightest change in the extra/intracellular concentration of metal ions results in amplified effects by signaling cascades that regulate both cell fate within the tumor microenvironment and immune status, which influences the network of antitumor immunity through various pathways. Based on the fact that metal ions influence the fate of cancer cells and participate in both innate and adaptive immunity, they are widely applied in antitumor therapy as immune modulators. Moreover, nanomedicine possesses the advantage of precise delivery and responsive release, which can perfectly remedy the drawbacks of metal ions, such as low target selectivity and systematic toxicity, thus providing an ideal platform for metal ion application in cancer treatment. Emerging evidence has shown that immunotherapy applied with nanometallic materials may significantly enhance therapeutic efficacy. Here, we focus on the physiopathology of metal ions in tumorigenesis and discuss several breakthroughs regarding the use of nanometallic materials in antitumor immunotherapeutics. These findings demonstrate the prominence of metal ion-based nanomedicine in cancer therapy and prophylaxis, providing many new ideas for basic immunity research and clinical application. Consequently, we provide innovative insights into the comprehensive understanding of the application of metal ions combined with nanomedicine in cancer immunotherapy in the past few years.