CHEBI:33191 - potassium cyanide

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ChEBI Name potassium cyanide
ChEBI ID CHEBI:33191
Definition A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of potassium cations and cyanide anions.
Stars This entity has been manually annotated by the ChEBI Team.
Supplier Information No supplier information found for this compound.
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3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as ecstasy (tablet form), and molly (crystal form), is an empathogen–entactogenic drug with stimulant and minor psychedelic properties. In studies, it has been used alongside psychotherapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social anxiety in autism spectrum disorder. The purported pharmacological effects that may be prosocial include altered sensations, increased energy, empathy, and pleasure. When taken by mouth, effects begin in 30 to 45 minutes and last three to six hours. MDMA was first synthesized in 1912 by Merck chemist Anton Köllisch. It was used to enhance psychotherapy beginning in the 1970s and became popular as a street drug in the 1980s. MDMA is commonly associated with dance parties, raves, and electronic dance music. Tablets sold as ecstasy may be mixed with other substances such as ephedrine, amphetamine, and methamphetamine. In 2016, about 21 million people between the ages of 15 and 64 used ecstasy (0.3% of the world population). This was broadly similar to the percentage of people who use cocaine or amphetamines, but lower than for cannabis or opioids. In the United States, as of 2017, about 7% of people have used MDMA at some point in their lives and 0.9% have used it in the last year. The lethal risk from one dose of MDMA is estimated to be from 1 death in 20,000 instances to 1 death in 50,000 instances. Short-term adverse effects include grinding of the teeth, blurred vision, sweating, and a rapid heartbeat, and extended use can also lead to addiction, memory problems, paranoia, and difficulty sleeping. Deaths have been reported due to increased body temperature and dehydration. Following use, people often feel depressed and tired, although this effect does not appear in clinical use, suggesting that it is not a direct result of MDMA administration. MDMA acts primarily by increasing the release of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in parts of the brain. It belongs to the substituted amphetamine classes of drugs. MDMA is structurally similar to mescaline (a psychedelic), methamphetamine (a stimulant), as well as endogenous monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. MDMA has limited approved medical uses in a small number of countries, but is illegal in most jurisdictions. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is evaluating the drug for clinical use as of 2021. Canada has allowed limited distribution of MDMA upon application to and approval by Health Canada. In Australia, it may be prescribed in the treatment of PTSD by specifically authorised psychiatrists.
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Formula CKN
Net Charge 0
Average Mass 65.116
Monoisotopic Mass 64.96678
InChI InChI=1S/CN.K/c1-2;/q-1;+1
InChIKey NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES [C-]#N.[K+]
Roles Classification
Biological Role(s): EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
An EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1).
EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
An EC 1.15.* (oxidoreductase acting on superoxide as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1).
neurotoxin
A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system.
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ChEBI Ontology
Outgoing potassium cyanide (CHEBI:33191) has role EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor (CHEBI:134084)
potassium cyanide (CHEBI:33191) has role EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor (CHEBI:38500)
potassium cyanide (CHEBI:33191) has role neurotoxin (CHEBI:50910)
potassium cyanide (CHEBI:33191) is a cyanide salt (CHEBI:36572)
potassium cyanide (CHEBI:33191) is a one-carbon compound (CHEBI:64708)
potassium cyanide (CHEBI:33191) is a potassium salt (CHEBI:26218)
IUPAC Name
potassium cyanide
Synonyms Sources
cyanide of potassium NIST Chemistry WebBook
Kaliumcyanid ChEBI
Kaliumzyanid ChEBI
KCN IUPAC
Zyankali ChEBI
Manual Xref Database
Potassium_cyanide Wikipedia
View more database links
Registry Numbers Types Sources
151-50-8 CAS Registry Number ChemIDplus
151-50-8 CAS Registry Number NIST Chemistry WebBook
3593645 Beilstein Registry Number Beilstein
4652394 Beilstein Registry Number ChemIDplus
647425 Gmelin Registry Number Gmelin
Citations Types Sources
16850258 PubMed citation Europe PMC
24318282 PubMed citation Europe PMC
25850896 PubMed citation Europe PMC
27170681 PubMed citation Europe PMC
27170682 PubMed citation Europe PMC
27250664 PubMed citation Europe PMC
27666790 PubMed citation Europe PMC
27737792 PubMed citation Europe PMC
Last Modified
07 December 2016