| Atrazine ( A-trə-zeen) is a chlorinated herbicide of the triazine class. It is used to prevent pre-emergence broadleaf weeds in crops such as maize (corn), soybean and sugarcane and on turf, such as golf courses and residential lawns. Atrazine's primary manufacturer is Syngenta and it is one of the most widely used herbicides in the United States, Canadian, and Australian agriculture. Its use was banned in the European Union in 2004, when the EU found groundwater levels exceeding the limits set by regulators, and Syngenta could not show that this could be prevented nor that these levels were safe.
At least two significant Canadian farm well studies showed that atrazine was the most common contaminant found. As of 2001, atrazine was the most commonly detected pesticide contaminating drinking water in the U.S.: 44 Studies suggest it is an endocrine disruptor, an agent that can alter the natural hormonal system. However, in 2006 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) had stated that under the Food Quality Protection Act "the risks associated with the pesticide residues pose a reasonable certainty of no harm", and in 2007, the EPA said that atrazine does not adversely affect amphibian sexual development and that no additional testing was warranted. The EPA's 2009 review concluded that "the agency's scientific bases for its regulation of atrazine are robust and ensure prevention of exposure levels that could lead to reproductive effects in humans". However, in their 2016 Refined Ecological Risk Assessment for Atrazine, it was stated that "it is difficult to make definitive conclusions about the impact of atrazine at a given concentration but multiple studies have reported effects to various endpoints at environmentally-relevant concentrations." EPA started a registration review in 2013.
The EPA's review has been criticized, and the safety of atrazine remains controversial. EPA has however stated that "If at any time EPA determines there are urgent human or environmental risks from atrazine exposure that require prompt attention, we will take appropriate regulatory action, regardless of the status of the registration review process." |
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| InChI=1S/C7H6O4/c8-4-1-2-6(9)5(3-4)7(10)11/h1-3,8-9H,(H,10,11) |
| WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Mus musculus
(NCBI:txid10090)
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Source: BioModels - MODEL1507180067
See:
PubMed
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Tremella fuciformis
(NCBI:txid64657)
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See:
PubMed
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Bronsted acid
A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base).
(via oxoacid )
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EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
A lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with the action of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.33).
mouse metabolite
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
human metabolite
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
fungal metabolite
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds.
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MALDI matrix material
A compound used to form the matrix for MALDI (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization) mass spectrometry. MALDI matrix materials are crystalline compounds with a fairly low molecular weight, so as to allow facile vaporization, have strong absorption at UV or IR wavelengths (to rapidly and efficiently absorb laser irradiation), generally contain polar groups (enabling them to be used in aqueous solutions) and are frequently acidic (so assisting ionisation of the compound being studied, which is contained within the matrix material).
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View more via ChEBI Ontology
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Outgoing
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2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
(CHEBI:17189)
has functional parent
benzoic acid
(CHEBI:30746)
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
(CHEBI:17189)
has role
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
(CHEBI:64996)
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
(CHEBI:17189)
has role
fungal metabolite
(CHEBI:76946)
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
(CHEBI:17189)
has role
human metabolite
(CHEBI:77746)
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
(CHEBI:17189)
has role
MALDI matrix material
(CHEBI:64345)
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
(CHEBI:17189)
has role
mouse metabolite
(CHEBI:75771)
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
(CHEBI:17189)
is a
dihydroxybenzoic acid
(CHEBI:23778)
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
(CHEBI:17189)
is conjugate acid of
2,5-dihydroxybenzoate
(CHEBI:58044)
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Incoming
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2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2-O-β-D-glucoside
(CHEBI:136922)
has functional parent
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
(CHEBI:17189)
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 5-O-β-D-glucoside
(CHEBI:136772)
has functional parent
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
(CHEBI:17189)
2,5-dihydroxybenzoyl-CoA
(CHEBI:90176)
has functional parent
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
(CHEBI:17189)
benzyl 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate
(CHEBI:155896)
has functional parent
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
(CHEBI:17189)
mygalin
(CHEBI:64901)
has functional parent
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
(CHEBI:17189)
2,5-dihydroxybenzoate
(CHEBI:58044)
is conjugate base of
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
(CHEBI:17189)
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2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
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2,5-Dihydroxybenzoate
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KEGG COMPOUND
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2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
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ChEBI
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2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
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KEGG COMPOUND
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5-hydroxysalicylic acid
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ChEBI
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Gentisate
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KEGG COMPOUND
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Gentisic acid
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KEGG COMPOUND
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Hydroquinonecarboxylic acid
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KEGG COMPOUND
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2209119
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Reaxys Registry Number
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Reaxys
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490-79-9
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CAS Registry Number
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KEGG COMPOUND
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490-79-9
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CAS Registry Number
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ChemIDplus
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15862799
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PubMed citation
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Europe PMC
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18314336
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PubMed citation
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Europe PMC
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22770225
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PubMed citation
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Europe PMC
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24547933
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PubMed citation
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Europe PMC
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