Enteric viruses encounter epithelial cells amidst a diverse microbial ecosystem. Hence, we hypothesized that our unintentional generation of a rotavirus (RV)-resistant colony of Rag1-KO mice reflected microbiota composition influencing RV infection. Indeed, the RV-resistant phenotype was transferrable via both co-housing or fecal transplant. Incubation of RV with feces from RV-resistant, but not RV-susceptible, mice greatly attenuated RV infection of epithelial cells in vitro suggesting the RV-resistant phenotype resulted from direct microbiota-RV interactions. Interrogation of microbiotas that conferred RV-resistance via antimicrobial agents, heat treatment, and filtration, followed by limiting dilution transplant to germ-free mice and subsequent fecal DNA sequencing revealed a central role for segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), which, was sufficient to protect against RV in vitro and in vivo. Such protection was independent of lymphocytes (innate and adaptive), IL-17, IL-22, and was not associated with any observable negative health consequences. Thus, irrespective of its ability to impact immune cells, SFB confers protection against enteric viral infection and associated diarrheal disease.