The study isolated the root zone and pod zone of peanut plants and applied phosphorus fertilizer only in the pod zone, while no phosphorus fertilizer was applied in the root zone. The results showed that phosphorus fertilizer application in the pod zone increased the phosphorus and nitrogen content of peanut kernels. Furthermore, the microbiome analysis of the geocarposphere revealed changes in species diversity, abundance, and dominant species of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria due to phosphorus fertilizer application in the pod zone.