Much plant disease research has focused on aphid vector transmission dynamics and molecular biology, including the documentation of over 150 virus–aphid associations and the sequencing of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, genome . In this study, we carried out fitness bioassays to measure changes (if any) feeding on SMV- and BPMV-infected soybean conferred to A. glycines fecundity and survivability. Next generation sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR were carried out to generate transcriptional profiles for the different treatments. SMV and BPMV were chosen to examine divergent responses of vector and non-vector species, and multiple time points (4 h and 7 d) were selected to characterize both the immediate and residual impacts of feeding on virus-infected plants.