Idesia polycarpa Maxim., is a valuable oilseed-producing tree of the Flacourtiaceae family that has the potential to fulfill edible oil production and is also a possible biofuel feedstock candidate. The fruits are unique in that they contain both saturated and unsaturated lipids present in the pericarp and seed respectively. However, the knowledge of triglyceride synthesis and storage in tissues outside of the seeds is poorly studied in previous researches, which may be important to generate oil-rich fruits. In this study, to gain insight into the unique properties of Idesia polycarpa fruits lipid synthesis, transcriptomic approaches were used to compare the lipid accumulation between pericarp and seed in a fruit.