Complications associated with immunosuppression, specifically nephrotoxicity and infection risk, significantly affect graft and patient survival after kidney transplantation. We previously showed that tolerance could be induced and full donor chimerism, as well as immunosuppression withdrawal, was obtained in highly mismatched allograft recipients using a bioengineered stem cell product (FCRx). Overall design: Gene expression profiles in renal biopsy samples from tolerance-induced FCRx recipients, paired donor organs before implant, and subjects under standard immunosuppression (SIS) without rejection and with acute rejection were compared.