Astrocytes were purified from mouse cortices and human cortex tissue by immunopanning with HepaCAM. All treatments were proceeded on 3DIV in serum-free medium. Astrocytes were treated by TNFα for 48hr, by Poly I:C for 72hr, or by hypoxia for 72hr. Acutely purified atrocytes RNA was harvest immediately after HepaCAM immunopanning. Serum selected astrocytes RNA was collected after 4-6 days culturing in serum medium. Serum-free cultured astrocytes RNA was collected on 5-6 DIV. Serum-selection purified human astrocytes were transplanted into P2-11 Rag2 immunodeficient mouse brains, and after about 8 months, transplanted human and host mouse astocytes RNA was collected acutely on HepaCAM immunopanning dish. Overall design: For each kind of treatments and relative controls, there are four patient samples. Six TNFα treated mouse samples and six relative control samples. Four Poly I:C treated mouse samples and four relative control samples. Four hypoxia treated mouse samples and four relative control samples. There are four acutely purified human samples from four patients, three serum selected human astrocyte samples from three patients, and five serum-free cultured samples from five patients.. Three transplanted human samples from three patients and three mouse host samples.