We report the development of a new multiomic nanoparticle delivery system called Single cEll Nanoparticle Transcriptome-sequencing (SENT-seq), which quantifies how dozens of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) deliver DNA barcodes and mRNA into cells, subsequent protein production, and the transcriptome, with single cell resolution. We show from the sequencing data that cell heterogeneity influences the efficiency with which LNPs deliver mRNA therapies, and identify cell subtypes that exhibit particularly high or low LNP uptake as well as genes associated with those subtypes. These data suggest that cell subsets have distinct responses to LNPs, and that these differential interactions can affect mRNA therapies. Overall design: Examination of FACS isolated liver cells the day after systemically injecting mice with PBS, or 19 pooled chemically distinct barcoded LNPs