Abnormal weather conditions usually reduce the coloration of red flushed pears. The application of exogenous sucrose obviously promoted anthocyanin accumulation in Kuerle Xiangli (Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu), however, the underlying molecular mechanism of sucrose-mediated fruit coloration remains largely unknown. In this study, a comprehensive transcriptome analysis was performed to identify the essential regulators and pathways associated with anthocyanin accumulation.