D
IPR001180

Citron homology (CNH) domain

InterPro entry
Short nameCNH_dom

Description

Based on sequence similarities a domain of homology has been identified in the following proteins
[1, 3]
:


 * Citron and Citron kinase. These two proteins interact with the GTP-bound forms of the small GTPases Rho and Rac but not with Cdc42.
 * Myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase (MRCKalpha). This serine/threonine kinase interacts with the GTP-bound form of the small GTPase Cdc42 and to a lesser extent with that of Rac.
 * NCK Interacting Kinase (NIK), a serine/threonine protein kinase.
 * ROM-1 and ROM-2, from yeast. These proteins are GDP/GTP exchange proteins (GEPs) for the small GTP binding protein Rho1.


This domain, called the citron homology domain (CNH), is often found after cysteine rich and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains at the C-terminal end of a group of eukaryotic proteins. It is thought to act as a regulatory domain and could be involved in macromolecular interactions
[1, 2, 4, 5]
. Its structure has been solved in Rho guanyl nucleotide exchange factor (Rom2) from Neosartorya fumigata (Aspergillus fumigatus,
Q4WUI2
), where it shows a canonical β-propeller fold containing seven blades connected by small loops and arranged in a circular fashion
[6]
.

References

1.The myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase is involved in the regulation of neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Chen XQ, Tan I, Leung T, Lim L. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 19901-5, (1999). View articlePMID: 10391936

2.NIK is a new Ste20-related kinase that binds NCK and MEKK1 and activates the SAPK/JNK cascade via a conserved regulatory domain. Su YC, Han J, Xu S, Cobb M, Skolnik EY. EMBO J. 16, 1279-90, (1997). View articlePMID: 9135144

3.Human Vam6p promotes lysosome clustering and fusion in vivo. Caplan S, Hartnell LM, Aguilar RC, Naslavsky N, Bonifacino JS. J. Cell Biol. 154, 109-22, (2001). View articlePMID: 11448994

4.Septum formation is regulated by the RHO4-specific exchange factors BUD3 and RGF3 and by the landmark protein BUD4 in Neurospora crassa. Justa-Schuch D, Heilig Y, Richthammer C, Seiler S. Mol Microbiol 76, 220-35, (2010). PMID: 20199606

5.Sticky/Citron kinase maintains proper RhoA localization at the cleavage site during cytokinesis. Bassi ZI, Verbrugghe KJ, Capalbo L, Gregory S, Montembault E, Glover DM, D'Avino PP. J Cell Biol 195, 595-603, (2011). PMID: 22084308

6.The citron homology domain as a scaffold for Rho1 signaling. Bartual SG, Wei W, Zhou Y, Pravata VM, Fang W, Yan K, Ferenbach AT, Lockhart DEA, van Aalten DMF. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 118, e2110298118, (2021). PMID: 34544876

Cross References

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