F
IPR001439

Hyaluronidase PH20/Hyaluronidase-5

InterPro entry
Short nameHyaluronidase_PH20/Hyal5
Overlapping
homologous
superfamilies
 
family relationships

Description

O-Glycosyl hydrolases (
3.2.1.
) are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycosyl hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of 85 different families
[1, 3]
. This classification is available on the CAZy (CArbohydrate-Active EnZymes) website.

Family 56 (
GH56
) encompasses a group of hyaluronidases (
3.2.1.35
) that includes venom hyaluronidases and mammalian sperm surface proteins (PH-20 and hyaluronidase-5)
[6, 5]
.

PH-20 is required for sperm adhesion to the egg zona pellucida; it is located on both the sperm plasma membrane and acrosomal membrane
[2]
. During fertilisation, sperm must first penetrate a layer of cumulus cells that surrounds the egg, before reaching the zona pellucida. The cumulus cells are embedded in a matrix containing hyaluronic acid, which is formed prior to ovulation. PH-20 facilitates penetration of the cumulus cell layer by digesting hyaluronic acid
[4]
. The amino acid sequence of the mature protein contains approximately 460 amino acids, and includes six potential N-linked glycosylation sites and twelve cysteines, eight of which are tightly clustered near the C terminus
[2]
.

References

1.Conserved catalytic machinery and the prediction of a common fold for several families of glycosyl hydrolases. Henrissat B, Callebaut I, Fabrega S, Lehn P, Mornon JP, Davies G. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 7090-4, (1995). View articlePMID: 7624375

2.cDNA cloning reveals the molecular structure of a sperm surface protein, PH-20, involved in sperm-egg adhesion and the wide distribution of its gene among mammals. Lathrop WF, Carmichael EP, Myles DG, Primakoff P. J. Cell Biol. 111, 2939-49, (1990). View articlePMID: 2269661

3.Structures and mechanisms of glycosyl hydrolases. Davies G, Henrissat B. Structure 3, 853-9, (1995). View articlePMID: 8535779

4.The human sperm protein PH-20 has hyaluronidase activity. Gmachl M, Sagan S, Ketter S, Kreil G. FEBS Lett. 336, 545-8, (1993). View articlePMID: 8282124

5.Functional roles of mouse sperm hyaluronidases, HYAL5 and SPAM1, in fertilization. Kimura M, Kim E, Kang W, Yamashita M, Saigo M, Yamazaki T, Nakanishi T, Kashiwabara S, Baba T. Biol. Reprod. 81, 939-47, (2009). View articlePMID: 19605784

6.Identification of a hyaluronidase, Hyal5, involved in penetration of mouse sperm through cumulus mass. Kim E, Baba D, Kimura M, Yamashita M, Kashiwabara S, Baba T. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 18028-33, (2005). View articlePMID: 16330764

GO terms

Cross References

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