F
IPR001681

Neurokinin receptor

InterPro entry
Short nameNeurokn_rcpt
family relationships

Description

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a vast protein family that encompasses a wide range of functions, including various autocrine, paracrine and endocrine processes. They show considerable diversity at the sequence level, on the basis of which they can be separated into distinct groups
[8]
. The term clan can be used to describe the GPCRs, as they embrace a group of families for which there are indications of evolutionary relationship, but between which there is no statistically significant similarity in sequence
[4]
. The currently known clan members include rhodopsin-like GPCRs (Class A, GPCRA), secretin-like GPCRs (Class B, GPCRB), metabotropic glutamate receptor family (Class C, GPCRC), fungal mating pheromone receptors (Class D, GPCRD), cAMP receptors (Class E, GPCRE) and frizzled/smoothened (Class F, GPCRF)
[4, 11, 10, 9, 7]
. GPCRs are major drug targets, and are consequently the subject of considerable research interest. It has been reported that the repertoire of GPCRs for endogenous ligands consists of approximately 400 receptors in humans and mice
[8]
. Most GPCRs are identified on the basis of their DNA sequences, rather than the ligand they bind, those that are unmatched to known natural ligands are designated by as orphan GPCRs, or unclassified GPCRs
[6]
.

The rhodopsin-like GPCRs (GPCRA) represent a widespread protein family that includes hormone, neurotransmitter and light receptors, all of which transduce extracellular signals through interaction with guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins. Although their activating ligands vary widely in structure and character, the amino acid sequences of the receptors are very similar and are believed to adopt a common structural framework comprising 7 transmembrane (TM) helices
[1, 2, 5]
.

Neuropeptide receptors are present in very small quantities in the cell and are embedded tightly in the plasma membrane. The neuropeptides exhibit a high degree of functional diversity through both regulation of peptide production and through peptide-receptor interaction
[3]
. The mammalian tachykinin system consists of 3 distinct peptides: substance P, substance K and neuromedin K. All possess a common spectrum of biological activities, including sensory transmission in the nervous system and contraction/ relaxation of peripheral smooth muscles, and each interacts with a specific receptor type.

References

1.G proteins in signal transduction. Birnbaumer L. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 30, 675-705, (1990). View articlePMID: 2111655

2.G protein involvement in receptor-effector coupling. Casey PJ, Gilman AG. J. Biol. Chem. 263, 2577-80, (1988). View articlePMID: 2830256

3.Molecular characterization of a functional cDNA for rat substance P receptor. Yokota Y, Sasai Y, Tanaka K, Fujiwara T, Tsuchida K, Shigemoto R, Kakizuka A, Ohkubo H, Nakanishi S. J. Biol. Chem. 264, 17649-52, (1989). View articlePMID: 2478537

4.Fingerprinting G-protein-coupled receptors. Attwood TK, Findlay JB. Protein Eng. 7, 195-203, (1994). View articlePMID: 8170923

5.Design of a discriminating fingerprint for G-protein-coupled receptors. Attwood TK, Findlay JB. Protein Eng. 6, 167-76, (1993). View articlePMID: 8386361

6.G protein-coupled receptor deorphanizations. Civelli O, Reinscheid RK, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Fredriksson R, Schioth HB. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 53, 127-46, (2013). PMID: 23020293

7.Comprehensive repertoire and phylogenetic analysis of the G protein-coupled receptors in human and mouse. Bjarnadottir TK, Gloriam DE, Hellstrand SH, Kristiansson H, Fredriksson R, Schioth HB. Genomics 88, 263-73, (2006). View articlePMID: 16753280

8.The G protein-coupled receptor repertoires of human and mouse. Vassilatis DK, Hohmann JG, Zeng H, Li F, Ranchalis JE, Mortrud MT, Brown A, Rodriguez SS, Weller JR, Wright AC, Bergmann JE, Gaitanaris GA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 4903-8, (2003). View articlePMID: 12679517

9.IUPHAR-DB: the IUPHAR database of G protein-coupled receptors and ion channels. Harmar AJ, Hills RA, Rosser EM, Jones M, Buneman OP, Dunbar DR, Greenhill SD, Hale VA, Sharman JL, Bonner TI, Catterall WA, Davenport AP, Delagrange P, Dollery CT, Foord SM, Gutman GA, Laudet V, Neubig RR, Ohlstein EH, Olsen RW, Peters J, Pin JP, Ruffolo RR, Searls DB, Wright MW, Spedding M. Nucleic Acids Res. 37, D680-5, (2009). View articlePMID: 18948278

10.International Union of Pharmacology. XLVI. G protein-coupled receptor list. Foord SM, Bonner TI, Neubig RR, Rosser EM, Pin JP, Davenport AP, Spedding M, Harmar AJ. Pharmacol. Rev. 57, 279-88, (2005). View articlePMID: 15914470

11.GCRDb: a G-protein-coupled receptor database. Kolakowski LF Jr. Recept. Channels 2, 1-7, (1994). PMID: 8081729

GO terms

Contributing Member Database Entries
This website requires cookies, and the limited processing of your personal data in order to function. By using the site you are agreeing to this as outlined in our Privacy Notice and Terms of Use.