H
IPR045584

Pilin-like

InterPro entry
Short namePilin-like
Overlapping entries
 
Pilin A4 (IPR041050)

Description

This superfamily includes Pilin and related proteins, such as general secretion pathway protein G (GSPG) and autotransporter adhesin YadA-like proteins.

Pilin is a component of type IV pilus (T4P), a polar flexible filament, which consists of a single polypeptide chain arranged in a helical configuration of five subunits per turn, which is involved cell adhesion, microcolony formation, twitching motility and transformation
[4, 5]
. Gram-negative bacteria produce pilin which is characterised by the presence of a very short leader peptide of 6 to 7 residues, followed by a methylated N-terminal phenylalanine residue and by a highly conserved sequence of about 24 hydrophobic residues, of the NMePhe type pilin
[2, 3]
.

GSPG shares several sequence similarities with bacterial fimbrial protein, or pilin, the major structural protein of pili
[6, 7]
. Pili are polar flexible filamentous adhesions ~2500 nm in length, and diameter ~5.4 nm. Fimbrial and GSPG proteins share the following characteristics: a methylated, hydrophobic N-terminal residue; a hydrophobic leader peptide of 5-10 residues, terminating with glycine; glutamate as the fifth residue of the mature sequence; and a highly hydrophobic N-terminal. This system is homologous to the type IV pilus biogenesis and includes different proteins, termed psudopilins, which are structurally homologous to the type IV pilins
[8, 9]
.

Autotransporter adhesin YadA-like proteins are part of a class of pathogenicity factors that act as cell surface adhesion molecules, in which N-terminal head and neck domains extend from the bacterial outer membrane
[1]
.

References

1.The Yersinia adhesin YadA collagen-binding domain structure is a novel left-handed parallel beta-roll. Nummelin H, Merckel MC, Leo JC, Lankinen H, Skurnik M, Goldman A. EMBO J. 23, 701-11, (2004). View articlePMID: 14765110

2.The physiology and biochemistry of pili. Paranchych W, Frost LS. Adv. Microb. Physiol. 29, 53-114, (1988). PMID: 2898203

3.An analysis of the organization and evolution of type 4 fimbrial (MePhe) subunit proteins. Dalrymple B, Mattick JS. J. Mol. Evol. 25, 261-9, (1987). View articlePMID: 3118043

4.Type IV Pili Can Mediate Bacterial Motility within Epithelial Cells. Nieto V, Kroken AR, Grosser MR, Smith BE, Metruccio MME, Hagan P, Hallsten ME, Evans DJ, Fleiszig SMJ. mBio 10, (2019). PMID: 31431558

5.ComP, a pilin-like protein essential for natural competence in Acinetobacter sp. Strain BD413: regulation, modification, and cellular localization. Porstendorfer D, Gohl O, Mayer F, Averhoff B. J. Bacteriol. 182, 3673-80, (2000). PMID: 10850981

6.Isolation and analysis of eight exe genes and their involvement in extracellular protein secretion and outer membrane assembly in Aeromonas hydrophila. Howard SP, Critch J, Bedi A. J. Bacteriol. 175, 6695-703, (1993). View articlePMID: 8407845

7.Identification of the hopG gene, a component of Escherichia coli K-12 type II export system, and its conservation among different pathogenic Escherichia coli and Shigella isolates. Stojiljkovic I, Schonherr R, Kusters JG. J. Bacteriol. 177, 1892-5, (1995). View articlePMID: 7896718

8.In vivo cross-linking of EpsG to EpsL suggests a role for EpsL as an ATPase-pseudopilin coupling protein in the Type II secretion system of Vibrio cholerae. Gray MD, Bagdasarian M, Hol WG, Sandkvist M. Mol. Microbiol. 79, 786-98, (2011). PMID: 21255118

9.Type II protein secretion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the pseudopilus is a multifibrillar and adhesive structure. Durand E, Bernadac A, Ball G, Lazdunski A, Sturgis JN, Filloux A. J. Bacteriol. 185, 2749-58, (2003). View articlePMID: 12700254

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