D
IPR045345

Retroviral nucleocapsid Gag protein p24, C-terminal domain

InterPro entry
Short nameGag_p24_C
Overlapping
homologous
superfamilies
 

Description

The Gag protein from retroviruses, also known as p24, forms the inner protein layer of the nucleocapsid. It is composed of two domains, the N-terminal domain (NTD), which contributes to viral core formation, and the C-terminal domain (CTD), which is required for capsid dimerisation, Gag oligomerization and viral formation
[2, 3]
. This protein performs highly complex orchestrated tasks during the assembly, budding, maturation and infection stages of the viral replication cycle. During viral assembly, the proteins form membrane associations and self-associations that ultimately result in budding of an immature virion from the infected cell. Gag precursors also function during viral assembly to selectively bind and package two plus strands of genomic RNA. ELISA tests for p24 is the most commonly used method to demonstrate virus replication bothin vivoandin vitro
[1, 4]
.

This is the C-terminal domain of retroviral p24 nucleocapsid protein, which contains a highly conserved region across retroviruses, the major homology region (MHR). The MHR is essential for the stability and folding of the monomer and hence for viral assembly, maturation and infectivity. This is a globular domain, composed of four helices and an extended N-terminal strand that forms a dimer through parallel packing of helix 2. The MHR dimer is a target for the development of anti-HIV drugs
[2, 5, 6]
.

References

1.p24 antigen capture assay for quantification of human immunodeficiency virus using readily available inexpensive reagents. Wehrly K, Chesebro B. Methods 12, 288-93, (1997). View articlePMID: 9245608

2.Structure of the carboxyl-terminal dimerization domain of the HIV-1 capsid protein. Gamble TR, Yoo S, Vajdos FF, von Schwedler UK, Worthylake DK, Wang H, McCutcheon JP, Sundquist WI, Hill CP. Science 278, 849-53, (1997). View articlePMID: 9346481

3.Solution structure and dynamics of the Rous sarcoma virus capsid protein and comparison with capsid proteins of other retroviruses. Campos-Olivas R, Newman JL, Summers MF. J. Mol. Biol. 296, 633-49, (2000). View articlePMID: 10669613

4.p24 revisited: a landscape review of antigen detection for early HIV diagnosis. Gray ER, Bain R, Varsaneux O, Peeling RW, Stevens MM, McKendry RA. AIDS 32, 2089-2102, (2018). PMID: 30102659

5.Biophysical analysis of the MHR motif in folding and domain swapping of the HIV capsid protein C-terminal domain. Bocanegra R, Fuertes MA, Rodriguez-Huete A, Neira JL, Mateu MG. Biophys J 108, 338-49, (2015). PMID: 25606682

6.Domain-swapped dimerization of the HIV-1 capsid C-terminal domain. Ivanov D, Tsodikov OV, Kasanov J, Ellenberger T, Wagner G, Collins T. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 4353-8, (2007). View articlePMID: 17360528

Cross References

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