D
IPR045520

GPAT/DHAPAT, C-terminal domain

InterPro entry
Short nameGPAT/DHAPAT_C

Description

This entry represents the C-terminal domain of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferases.

Dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase (DHAPAT) catalyses the first step in the biosynthesis of ether phospholipid plasmalogen, and may play also a significant role in nonether glycerolipid biosynthesis
[7, 5]
. In humans, mutations in DHAPAT results in the genetic disorder rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata type 2, characterised by rhizomelic shortening of femur and humerus, cataract,and severe mental retardation
[6]
.

This entry includes PlsB, a GPAT from E. coli in which membrane synthesis depends on allosteric control of this enzyme. PlsB regulation plays an important role in the phospholipid synthesis pathway and is part of the response to certain stress signals
[2]
. In many other bacteria, PlsB is not found, and appears to be replaced by a two enzyme system for 1-acyl-glycerol-3-phosphate biosynthesis, the PlsX/Y system
IPR003811
[1, 4]
.

GPATs are classified into four isoforms in mammals; GPAT1 and GPAT2 are localized in the mitochondrial outer membrane, whereas GPAT3 and GPAT4 are localized in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane
[3]
. This entry includes the mitochondrial isoform GPAT.

References

1.Acyl-phosphates initiate membrane phospholipid synthesis in Gram-positive pathogens. Lu YJ, Zhang YM, Grimes KD, Qi J, Lee RE, Rock CO. Mol. Cell 23, 765-72, (2006). View articlePMID: 16949372

2.Posttranslational Control of PlsB Is Sufficient To Coordinate Membrane Synthesis with Growth in Escherichia coli. Noga MJ, Buke F, van den Broek NJF, Imholz NCE, Scherer N, Yang F, Bokinsky G. mBio 11, (2020). PMID: 32817111

3.Transcriptional Regulation of Acyl-CoA:Glycerol-<i>sn</i>-3-Phosphate Acyltransferases. Karasawa K, Tanigawa K, Harada A, Yamashita A. Int J Mol Sci 20, (2019). PMID: 30813330

4.A protein network for phospholipid synthesis uncovered by a variant of the tandem affinity purification method in Escherichia coli. Gully D, Bouveret E. Proteomics 6, 282-93, (2006). View articlePMID: 16294310

5.Role of dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase in the biosynthesis of plasmalogens and nonether glycerolipids. Liu D, Nagan N, Just WW, Rodemer C, Thai TP, Zoeller RA. J. Lipid Res. 46, 727-35, (2005). View articlePMID: 15687349

6.Acyl-CoA:dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase: cloning of the human cDNA and resolution of the molecular basis in rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata type 2. Ofman R, Hettema EH, Hogenhout EM, Caruso U, Muijsers AO, Wanders RJ. Hum. Mol. Genet. 7, 847-53, (1998). View articlePMID: 9536089

7.Inactivation of ether lipid biosynthesis causes male infertility, defects in eye development and optic nerve hypoplasia in mice. Rodemer C, Thai TP, Brugger B, Kaercher T, Werner H, Nave KA, Wieland F, Gorgas K, Just WW. Hum. Mol. Genet. 12, 1881-95, (2003). View articlePMID: 12874108

Cross References

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