cd00177

Lipid-binding START domain of mammalian STARD1-STARD15 and related proteins

CDD entry
Member databaseCDD
CDD typedomain
Short nameSTART
SetSRPBCC

Description

This family includes the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)-related lipid transfer (START) domains of mammalian STARD1-STARD15, and related domains, such as the START domain of the Arabidopsis homeobox protein GLABRA 2. The mammalian STARDs are grouped into 8 subfamilies. This family belongs to the SRPBCC (START/RHO_alpha_C/PITP/Bet_v1/CoxG/CalC) domain superfamily of proteins that bind hydrophobic ligands. SRPBCC domains have a deep hydrophobic ligand-binding pocket. For some members of this family, specific lipids that bind in this pocket are known; these include cholesterol (STARD1/STARD3/ STARD4/STARD5), 25-hydroxycholesterol (STARD5), phosphatidylcholine (STARD2/ STARD7/STARD10), phosphatidylethanolamine (STARD10) and ceramides (STARD11). The START domain is found either alone or in association with other domains. Mammalian STARDs participate in the control of various cellular processes including lipid trafficking between intracellular compartments, lipid metabolism, and modulation of signaling events. Mutation or altered expression of STARDs is linked to diseases such as cancer, genetic disorders, and autoimmune disease. The Arabidopsis homeobox protein GLABRA 2 suppresses root hair formation in hairless epidermal root cells.
[2, 1, 7, 8, 3, 4, 10, 9, 5, 6]

References

1.START: a lipid-binding domain in StAR, HD-ZIP and signalling proteins. Ponting CP, Aravind L. Trends Biochem. Sci. 24, 130-2, (1999). View articlePMID: 10322415

2.StARTing to understand cholesterol transfer. Stocco DM. Nat. Struct. Biol. 7, 445-7, (2000). View articlePMID: 10881186

3.Mammalian StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domains with specificity for cholesterol: structural conservation and mechanism of reversible binding. Lavigne P, Najmanivich R, Lehoux JG. Subcell Biochem 51, 425-37, (2010). PMID: 20213553

4.[START domain-containing proteins: a review of their role in lipid transport and exchange]. Alpy F, Legueux F, Bianchetti L, Tomasetto C. Med Sci (Paris) 25, 181-91, (2009). PMID: 19239851

5.High-throughput computational structure-based characterization of protein families: START domains and implications for structural genomics. Lee H, Li Z, Silkov A, Fischer M, Petrey D, Honig B, Murray D. J Struct Funct Genomics 11, 51-9, (2010). PMID: 20383749

6.The Bet v 1 fold: an ancient, versatile scaffold for binding of large, hydrophobic ligands. Radauer C, Lackner P, Breiteneder H. BMC Evol. Biol. 8, 286, (2008). View articlePMID: 18922149

7.Adaptations of the helix-grip fold for ligand binding and catalysis in the START domain superfamily. Iyer LM, Koonin EV, Aravind L. Proteins 43, 134-44, (2001). View articlePMID: 11276083

8.Give lipids a START: the StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain in mammals. Alpy F, Tomasetto C. J. Cell. Sci. 118, 2791-801, (2005). View articlePMID: 15976441

9.The homeobox gene GLABRA2 is required for position-dependent cell differentiation in the root epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana. Masucci JD, Rerie WG, Foreman DR, Zhang M, Galway ME, Marks MD, Schiefelbein JW. Development 122, 1253-60, (1996). PMID: 8620852

10.START domain proteins and the intracellular trafficking of cholesterol in steroidogenic cells. Strauss JF 3rd, Kishida T, Christenson LK, Fujimoto T, Hiroi H. Mol Cell Endocrinol 202, 59-65, (2003). PMID: 12770731

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