cd02987

Phd_like_Phd

CDD entry
Member databaseCDD
CDD typedomain
Short namePhd_like_Phd
SetThioredoxin_like

Description

Phosducin (Phd)-like family, Phd subfamily; Phd is a cytosolic regulator of G protein functions. It specifically binds G protein betagamma (Gbg)-subunits with high affinity, resulting in the solubilization of Gbg from the plasma membrane. This impedes the formation of a functional G protein trimer (G protein alphabetagamma), thereby inhibiting G protein-mediated signal transduction. Phd also inhibits the GTPase activity of G protein alpha. Phd can be phosphorylated by protein kinase A and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2, leading to its inactivation. Phd was originally isolated from the retina, where it is highly expressed and has been implicated to play an important role in light adaptation. It is also found in the pineal gland, liver, spleen, striated muscle and the brain. The C-terminal domain of Phd adopts a thioredoxin fold, but it does not contain a CXXC motif. Phd interacts with G protein beta mostly through the N-terminal helical domain.
[3, 5, 4, 1, 6, 2]

References

1.Role of the isoprenyl pocket of the G protein beta gamma subunit complex in the binding of phosducin and phosducin-like protein. Lukov GL, Myung CS, McIntire WE, Shao J, Zimmerman SS, Garrison JC, Willardson BM. Biochemistry 43, 5651-60, (2004). PMID: 15134439

2.Functional roles of the two domains of phosducin and phosducin-like protein. Savage JR, McLaughlin JN, Skiba NP, Hamm HE, Willardson BM. J Biol Chem 275, 30399-407, (2000). PMID: 10896945

3.The pharmacology of phosducin. Schulz R. Pharmacol Res 43, 1-10, (2001). PMID: 11207059

4.Site-specific phosphorylation of phosducin in intact retina. Dynamics of phosphorylation and effects on G protein beta gamma dimer binding. Lee BY, Thulin CD, Willardson BM. J Biol Chem 279, 54008-17, (2004). PMID: 15485848

5.A molecular mechanism for the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of heterotrimeric G proteins by phosducin. Gaudet R, Savage JR, McLaughlin JN, Willardson BM, Sigler PB. Mol. Cell 3, 649-60, (1999). View articlePMID: 10360181

6.Phosducin facilitates light-driven transducin translocation in rod photoreceptors. Evidence from the phosducin knockout mouse. Sokolov M, Strissel KJ, Leskov IB, Michaud NA, Govardovskii VI, Arshavsky VY. J Biol Chem 279, 19149-56, (2004). PMID: 14973130

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