cd08739

Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain found in the RGS9 protein

CDD entry
Member databaseCDD
CDD typedomain
Short nameRGS_RGS9
SetRGS

Description

The RGS (Regulator of G-protein Signaling) domain is an essential part of the RGS9 protein, a member of R7 subfamily of the RGS protein family. RGS is a diverse group of multifunctional proteins that regulate cellular signaling events downstream of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). As a major G-protein regulator, RGS domain containing proteins are involved in many crucial cellular processes such as regulation of intracellular trafficking, glial differentiation, embryonic axis formation, skeletal and muscle development, and cell migration during early embryogenesis. Other members of the R7 subfamily (Neuronal RGS) include: RGS6, RGS7, and RGS11, all of which are expressed predominantly in the nervous system, form an obligatory complex with G-beta-5, and play important roles in the regulation of crucial neuronal processes such as vision and motor control. Additionally they have been implicated in many neurological conditions such as anxiety, schizophrenia, and drug dependence. RGS9 forms constitutive complexes with G-beta-5 subunit and controls such fundamental functions as vision and behavior. RGS9 exists in two splice isoforms: RGS9-1 which regulates phototransduction in rods and cones and RGS9-2 which regulates dopamine and opioid signaling in the basal ganglia. In addition, RGS9 was found to bind many other proteins outside of G protein signaling pathways including: mu-opioid receptor, beta-arrestin, alpha-actinin-2, NMDAR, polycystin, spinophilin, and guanylyl cyclase, among others.
[6, 5, 9, 4, 1, 7, 3, 2, 8]

References

1.Structural diversity in the RGS domain and its interaction with heterotrimeric G protein alpha-subunits. Soundararajan M, Willard FS, Kimple AJ, Turnbull AP, Ball LJ, Schoch GA, Gileadi C, Fedorov OY, Dowler EF, Higman VA, Hutsell SQ, Sundstrom M, Doyle DA, Siderovski DP. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105, 6457-62, (2008). View articlePMID: 18434541

2.The GAPs, GEFs, and GDIs of heterotrimeric G-protein alpha subunits. Siderovski DP, Willard FS. Int J Biol Sci 1, 51-66, (2005). PMID: 15951850

3.RGS proteins: identifying new GAPs in the understanding of blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular function. Gu S, Cifelli C, Wang S, Heximer SP. Clin Sci (Lond) 116, 391-9, (2009). PMID: 19175357

4.Mammalian RGS proteins: multifunctional regulators of cellular signalling. Willars GB. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 17, 363-76, (2006). View articlePMID: 16687250

5.Structural determinants for regulation of phosphodiesterase by a G protein at 2.0 A. Slep KC, Kercher MA, He W, Cowan CW, Wensel TG, Sigler PB. Nature 409, 1071-7, (2001). View articlePMID: 11234020

6.Crystal structure of the multifunctional Gbeta5-RGS9 complex. Cheever ML, Snyder JT, Gershburg S, Siderovski DP, Harden TK, Sondek J. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 15, 155-62, (2008). View articlePMID: 18204463

7.Cellular regulation of RGS proteins: modulators and integrators of G protein signaling. Hollinger S, Hepler JR. Pharmacol. Rev. 54, 527-59, (2002). View articlePMID: 12223533

8.RGS family members: GTPase-activating proteins for heterotrimeric G-protein alpha-subunits. Watson N, Linder ME, Druey KM, Kehrl JH, Blumer KJ. Nature 383, 172-5, (1996). View articlePMID: 8774882

9.The R7 RGS protein family: multi-subunit regulators of neuronal G protein signaling. Anderson GR, Posokhova E, Martemyanov KA. Cell Biochem. Biophys. 54, 33-46, (2009). View articlePMID: 19521673

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