MF_02212

Broad specificity amino-acid racemase

HAMAP entry
Member databaseHAMAP
HAMAP typefamily
Short nameBsr_racemase

Description
Imported from IPR043698

The short peptides that forms cross-links between glycan chains in the peptidoglycan polymer in bacterial cell walls require d-amino acids (DAA), being d-Alanine and d-Glutamate the most predominant ones. DAA are generated from the l-enantiomers by specific alanine and glutamate racemases. However, diverse bacteria can produce non-canonical DAA (NCDAA) components of the cell wall, that relies on periplasmic broad-spectrum racemases (Bsr) activity. Lysine racemase is another enzyme present in some organisms and catalyses the conversion of l-Lys to d-Lys but it also can use l-Arg as substrate. Together with Bsr they are classified as Group III racemases
[2]
. These NCDAA are involved in different cellular processes including biofilm stability, sporulation and cell communication and allow pathogenic bacteria to adapt in adverse environments
[1]
.

References
Imported from IPR043698

1.A Broad Spectrum Racemase in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 Plays a Key Role in Amino Acid Catabolism. Radkov AD, Moe LA. Front Microbiol 9, 1343, (2018). PMID: 30008699

2.Crystal structures of lysine-preferred racemases, the non-antibiotic selectable markers for transgenic plants. Wu HM, Kuan YC, Chu CH, Hsu WH, Wang WC. PLoS ONE 7, e48301, (2012). View articlePMID: 23118975

Further reading

3. Bacterial secretion of D-arginine controls environmental microbial biodiversity. Alvarez L, Aliashkevich A, de Pedro MA, Cava F. ISME J 12, 438-450, (2018). PMID: 29028003

4. Structural basis for the broad specificity of a new family of amino-acid racemases. Espaillat A, Carrasco-Lopez C, Bernardo-Garcia N, Pietrosemoli N, Otero LH, Alvarez L, de Pedro MA, Pazos F, Davis BM, Waldor MK, Hermoso JA, Cava F. Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. 70, 79-90, (2014). PMID: 24419381

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