This entry contains information that has been generated using an AI language model. Please exercise discretion when interpreting the information provided.
Member database | PANTHER |
PANTHER type | family |
Short name | MAP_kinase_kinase AI |
Description
AI-generatedUnreviewed
The MAP kinase kinase family comprises dual specificity protein kinases that play a central role in the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. These kinases are activated by a variety of extracellular signals including growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. Upon activation, they phosphorylate and activate MAP kinases, particularly ERK1 and ERK2, through the phosphorylation of threonine and tyrosine residues within a Thr-Glu-Tyr motif. The MAP kinase cascade mediates cellular responses such as growth, adhesion, survival, and differentiation, influencing transcription, metabolism, and cytoskeletal arrangements. The family also includes kinases involved in cell wall integrity, oxidative stress response, and pathogenic processes such as appressorium formation and invasive growth. Regulatory mechanisms include phosphorylation by upstream kinases, binding to scaffold proteins like KSR1 or KSR2, and negative feedback through phosphorylation by substrate kinases.