PR00001

GLABLOOD

PRINTS entry
Member databasePRINTS
PRINTS typedomain
Short nameGLABLOOD

Description
Imported from IPR000294

The GLA (gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich) domain contains glutamate residues that have been post-translationally modified by vitamin K-dependent carboxylation to form gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla)
[1, 2, 3]
. All glutamic acid (Glu) residues present in the GLA domain are potential carboxylation sites; in coagulation proteins, all Gu residues are modified to Gla, while in osteocalcin and matrix Gla proteins only some Glu residues are modified to Gla.

References
Imported from IPR000294

1.The vitamin K cycle. Oldenburg J, Marinova M, Muller-Reible C, Watzka M. Vitam. Horm. 78, 35-62, (2008). View articlePMID: 18374189

2.gamma -Glutamyl carboxylation: An extracellular posttranslational modification that antedates the divergence of molluscs, arthropods, and chordates. Bandyopadhyay PK, Garrett JE, Shetty RP, Keate T, Walker CS, Olivera BM. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99, 1264-9, (2002). View articlePMID: 11818531

3.Vitamin K-dependent gamma-glutamylcarboxylation: an ancient posttranslational modification. Bandyopadhyay PK. Vitam. Horm. 78, 157-84, (2008). View articlePMID: 18374194

Further reading

4. gamma-Glutamate and beta-hydroxyaspartate in proteins. Castellino FJ, Ploplis VA, Zhang L. Methods Mol. Biol. 446, 85-94, (2008). PMID: 18373251

5. Mg(2+) binding to the Gla domain of factor X influences the interaction with tissue factor. Persson E, Ostergaard A. J. Thromb. Haemost. 5, 1977-8, (2007). View articlePMID: 17723139

6. Structure of the metal-free gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich membrane binding region of factor IX by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Freedman SJ, Furie BC, Furie B, Baleja JD. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 7980-7, (1995). View articlePMID: 7713897

7. Molecular cloning of matrix Gla protein: implications for substrate recognition by the vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase. Price PA, Fraser JD, Metz-Virca G. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 8335-9, (1987). View articlePMID: 3317405

8. Identification of the phospholipid binding site in the vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation protein factor IX. Freedman SJ, Blostein MD, Baleja JD, Jacobs M, Furie BC, Furie B. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 16227-36, (1996). View articlePMID: 8663165

9. Mass spectrometric characterization of N- and O-glycans of plasma-derived coagulation factor VII. Fenaille F, Groseil C, Ramon C, Riande S, Siret L, Chtourou S, Bihoreau N. Glycoconj. J. (2008). PMID: 18642129

10. Requirement of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues for the biological activity of Gas6: contribution of endogenous Gas6 to the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Nakano T, Kawamoto K, Kishino J, Nomura K, Higashino K, Arita H. Biochem. J. 323 ( Pt 2), 387-92, (1997). View articlePMID: 9163328

11. Role of the hexapeptide disulfide loop in the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain of protein C in Ca2+-mediated structural and functional properties. Dai Q, Prorok M, Castellino FJ. Biochemistry 44, 12508-14, (2005). View articlePMID: 16156662

12. Proline and gamma-carboxylated glutamate residues in matrix Gla protein are critical for binding of bone morphogenetic protein-4. Yao Y, Shahbazian A, Bostrom KI. Circ. Res. 102, 1065-74, (2008). View articlePMID: 18369157

13. The carboxylation efficiency of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors: studies with factor IX. Blostein M, Cuerquis J, Landry S, Galipeau J. (2008). PMID: 18680528

14. Primary structure of vitamin K-dependent human protein Z. Sejima H, Hayashi T, Deyashiki Y, Nishioka J, Suzuki K. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 171, 661-8, (1990). View articlePMID: 2403355

15. The protein S thrombin-sensitive region modulates phospholipid binding and the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich (Gla) domain conformation in a non-specific manner. Saller F, Kaabache T, Aiach M, Gandrille S, Borgel D. J. Thromb. Haemost. 4, 704-6, (2006). View articlePMID: 16460467

Supplementary References

1. A conserved epitope on several human vitamin K-dependent proteins. Location of the antigenic site and influence of metal ions on antibody binding. Church WR, Messier T, Howard PR, Amiral J, Meyer D, Mann KG. J. Biol. Chem. 263, 6259-67, (1988). View articlePMID: 2452160

2. Nucleotide sequence of the gene for human prothrombin. Degen SJ, Davie EW. Biochemistry 26, 6165-77, (1987). View articlePMID: 2825773

3. Structure of Ca2+ prothrombin fragment 1 including the conformation of the Gla domain. Soriano-Garcia M, Park CH, Tulinsky A, Ravichandran KG, Skrzypczak-Jankun E. Biochemistry 28, 6805-10, (1989). View articlePMID: 2819034

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