PR00395

RIBOSOMALS2

PRINTS entry
Member databasePRINTS
PRINTS typefamily
Short nameRIBOSOMALS2

Description
Imported from IPR001865

This entry represents the family of ribosomal uS2 proteins. They are required for the assembly of different ribosomal subunits and are widely distributed among all living organisms
[6]
.

Ribosomal uS2 family in humans includes three members:


 * Small ribosomal subunits uS2 (also known as RPSA).
 * Small ribosomal subunits uS2B (also known as RPSA2).
 * Small ribosomal subunits uS2m in mitochondria (also known as MRPS2).


Ribosomal protein SA (RPSA), previously named 37 kDa laminin receptor precursor/67 kDa laminin receptor (LRP/LR), has been characterised as a multifunctional protein that plays multiple roles in different pathological processes
[5, 4]
.

Ribosomes are the particles that catalyse mRNA-directed protein synthesis in all organisms. The codons of the mRNA are exposed on the ribosome to allow tRNA binding. This leads to the incorporation of amino acids into the growing polypeptide chain in accordance with the genetic information. Incoming amino acid monomers enter the ribosomal A site in the form of aminoacyl-tRNAs complexed with elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) and GTP. The growing polypeptide chain, situated in the P site as peptidyl-tRNA, is then transferred to aminoacyl-tRNA and the new peptidyl-tRNA, extended by one residue, is translocated to the P site with the aid the elongation factor G (EF-G) and GTP as the deacylated tRNA is released from the ribosome through one or more exit sites
[1, 2]
. About 2/3 of the mass of the ribosome consists of RNA and 1/3 of protein. The proteins are named in accordance with the subunit of the ribosome which they belong to the small (S1 to S31) and the large (L1 to L44). Usually they decorate the rRNA cores of the subunits.

Many ribosomal proteins, particularly those of the large subunit, are composed of a globular, surfaced-exposed domain with long finger-like projections that extend into the rRNA core to stabilise its structure. Most of the proteins interact with multiple RNA elements, often from different domains. In the large subunit, about 1/3 of the 23S rRNA nucleotides are at least in van der Waal's contact with protein, and L22 interacts with all six domains of the 23S rRNA. Proteins S4 and S7, which initiate assembly of the 16S rRNA, are located at junctions of five and four RNA helices, respectively. In this way proteins serve to organise and stabilise the rRNA tertiary structure. While the crucial activities of decoding and peptide transfer are RNA based, proteins play an active role in functions that may have evolved to streamline the process of protein synthesis. In addition to their function in the ribosome, many ribosomal proteins have some function 'outside' the ribosome
[2, 3]
.

References
Imported from IPR001865

1.Atomic structures at last: the ribosome in 2000. Ramakrishnan V, Moore PB. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 11, 144-54, (2001). View articlePMID: 11297922

2.The ribosome in focus. Maguire BA, Zimmermann RA. Cell 104, 813-6, (2001). View articlePMID: 11290319

3.The end of the beginning: structural studies of ribosomal proteins. Chandra Sanyal S, Liljas A. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 10, 633-6, (2000). View articlePMID: 11114498

4.Ribosomal protein SA haploinsufficiency in humans with isolated congenital asplenia. Bolze A, Mahlaoui N, Byun M, Turner B, Trede N, Ellis SR, Abhyankar A, Itan Y, Patin E, Brebner S, Sackstein P, Puel A, Picard C, Abel L, Quintana-Murci L, Faust SN, Williams AP, Baretto R, Duddridge M, Kini U, Pollard AJ, Gaud C, Frange P, Orbach D, Emile JF, Stephan JL, Sorensen R, Plebani A, Hammarstrom L, Conley ME, Selleri L, Casanova JL. Science 340, 976-8, (2013). PMID: 23579497

5.Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Capsid Protein VP1 Interacts with Host Ribosomal Protein SA To Maintain Activation of the MAPK Signal Pathway and Promote Virus Replication. Zhu Z, Li W, Zhang X, Wang C, Gao L, Yang F, Cao W, Li K, Tian H, Liu X, Zhang K, Zheng H. J Virol 94, e01350-19, (2020). PMID: 31694957

6.Functions of ribosomal proteins in assembly of eukaryotic ribosomes in vivo. de la Cruz J, Karbstein K, Woolford JL Jr. Annu Rev Biochem 84, 93-129, (2015). PMID: 25706898

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