PR01607

APYRASEFAMLY

PRINTS entry
Member databasePRINTS
PRINTS typefamily
Short nameAPYRASEFAMLY

Description
Imported from IPR006179

5'-nucleotidases
3.1.3.5
[1]
are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphate esterified at carbon 5' of the ribose and deoxyribose portions of nucleotide molecules. 5'-nucleotidase is a ubiquitous enzyme found in a wide variety of species and which occurs in different cellular locations. The extracellular 5'-nucleotidase from mammals and Discopyge ommata (Electric ray) isozyme is a homodimeric disulphide-bonded glycoprotein attached to the membrane by a GPI-anchor, and requires zinc for its activity. Vibrio parahaemolyticus 5'-nucleotidase (gene nutA) is bound to the membrane by a lipid chain, and requires chloride and magnesium ions for its activity. It is involved in degrading extracellular 5'-nucleotides for nutritional needs.

Periplasmic bacterial 5'-nucleotidase (gene ushA), also known as UDP-sugar hydrolase
3.6.1.45
, can degrade UDP-glucose and other nucleotide diphosphate sugars. It produces sugar-1-phosphate which can then be used by the cell. UshA seems to require cobalt for its activity. 5'-Nucleotidases are evolutionary related to the periplasmic bacterial 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 2'-phosphodiesterase
3.1.4.16
(gene cpdB), which catalyzes two consecutive reactions: it first converts 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide to 3'-nucleotide and then acts as a 3'-nucleotidase; and mosquito apyrase
3.6.1.5
(ATP-diphosphohydrolase)
[2]
, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP into AMP and facilitates hematophagy by preventing ADP-dependent platelet aggregation in the host.

CD73 (also called ecto-5'-nucleotidase) possesses the enzymatic activity of a 5'-nucleotidase and catalyses the dephosphorylation of purine and pyrimidine ribo-and deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates to their corresponding nucleosides. Triggering of lymphocyte CD73 with mAb causes phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of certain, yet unknown protein substrates
[3]
. A possible function for CD73 is to regulate the availability of adenosine for interaction with cell surface adenosine receptor by converting AMP to adenosine. In common with other GPI anchored surface proteins CD73 can mediate costimulatory signals in T cell activation
[4]
.

References
Imported from IPR006179

1.5'-Nucleotidase: molecular structure and functional aspects. Zimmermann H. Biochem. J. 285 ( Pt 2), 345-65, (1992). View articlePMID: 1637327

2.The salivary gland-specific apyrase of the mosquito Aedes aegypti is a member of the 5'-nucleotidase family. Champagne DE, Smartt CT, Ribeiro JM, James AA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 694-8, (1995). View articlePMID: 7846038

3.Differential regulation and function of CD73, a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked 70-kD adhesion molecule, on lymphocytes and endothelial cells. Airas L, Niemela J, Salmi M, Puurunen T, Smith DJ, Jalkanen S. J. Cell Biol. 136, 421-31, (1997). View articlePMID: 9015312

4.Antibodies to 5'-nucleotidase (CD73), a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, cause human peripheral blood T cells to proliferate. Thompson LF, Ruedi JM, Glass A, Low MG, Lucas AH. J. Immunol. 143, 1815-21, (1989). View articlePMID: 2550543

Supplementary References

1. The Apyrase gene of the vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is expressed specifically in the adult female salivary glands. Smartt CT, Kim AP, Grossman GL, James AA. Exp. Parasitol. 81, 239-48, (1995). View articlePMID: 7498420

2. Promoter sequences of the putative Anopheles gambiae apyrase confer salivary gland expression in Drosophila melanogaster. Lombardo F, Di Cristina M, Spanos L, Louis C, Coluzzi M, Arca B. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 23861-8, (2000). View articlePMID: 10801886

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