PR01966

Tumour necrosis factor receptor 16

PRINTS entry
Member databasePRINTS
PRINTS typefamily
Short nameTNFACTORR16

Description

The tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor (TNFR) superfamily comprises more than 20 type-I transmembrane proteins. Family members are defined based on similarity in their extracellular domain -a region that contains many cysteine residues arranged in a specific repetitive pattern
[3]
. The cysteines allow formation of an extended rod-like structure, responsible for ligand binding
[6]
.

Upon receptor activation, different intracellular signalling complexes are assembled for different members of the TNFR superfamily, depending on their intracellular domains and sequences
[8]
. Activation of TNFRs can therefore induce a range of disparate effects, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, or apoptotic cell death, depending upon the receptor involved
[1, 7]
.

TNFRs are widely distributed and play important roles in many crucial biological processes, such as lymphoid and neuronal development, innate and adaptive immunity, and maintenance of cellular homeostasis
[8]
. Drugs that manipulate their signalling have potential roles in the prevention and treatment of many diseases, such as viral infections, coronary heart disease, transplant rejection, and immune disease
[5]
.

TNF receptor 16 (also known as nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) and p75NTR)) acts as a low affinity receptor for neurotrophins. The receptor mediates a variety of contradictory cellular functions, including cell survival or apoptosis, promotion or inhibition of axonal growth, and facilitation or attenuation of proliferation, depending on the cellular context
[2]
. The receptor may also play a role in inflammation, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma
[4]
.

TNFACTORR16 is a 4-element fingerprint that provides a signature for tumour necrosis factor receptor 16. The fingerprint was derived from an initial alignment of 6 sequences: the motifs were drawn from conserved regions in the N-terminal half of the alignment, focusing on those sections that characterise TNF receptor 16 but distinguish it from other TNF receptor subtypes -all motifs lie in the extracellular N-terminal region. Two iterations on SPTR57_40f were required to reach convergence, at which point a true set comprising 17 sequences was identified. Two partial matches were also found, B6MU31_BRAFL and B4E096_HUMAN, which are lancelet and human translated sequences that fail to match motif 4, and motifs 1 and 2, respectively.

References

1.The TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies: integrating mammalian biology. Locksley RM, Killeen N, Lenardo MJ. Cell 104, 487-501, (2001). View articlePMID: 11239407

2.The function of p75NTR in glia. Cragnolini AB, Friedman WJ. Trends Neurosci. 31, 99-104, (2008). View articlePMID: 18199491

3.Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily members and their ligands. Armitage RJ. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 6, 407-13, (1994). View articlePMID: 7917108

4.Neuroimmune crosstalk in asthma: dual role of the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR. Nassenstein C, Kammertoens T, Veres TZ, Uckert W, Spies E, Fuchs B, Krug N, Braun A. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 120, 1089-96, (2007). View articlePMID: 17716721

5.CD27 and (TNFR) relatives in the immune system: their role in health and disease. Loenen WA. Semin. Immunol. 10, 417-22, (1998). View articlePMID: 9826574

6.Crystal structure of the soluble human 55 kd TNF receptor-human TNF beta complex: implications for TNF receptor activation. Banner DW, D'Arcy A, Janes W, Gentz R, Schoenfeld HJ, Broger C, Loetscher H, Lesslauer W. Cell 73, 431-45, (1993). View articlePMID: 8387891

7.Tumor necrosis factor receptor family members in the immune system. Gravestein LA, Borst J. Semin. Immunol. 10, 423-34, (1998). View articlePMID: 9826575

8.Assembly of post-receptor signaling complexes for the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. Wu H. Adv. Protein Chem. 68, 225-79, (2004). View articlePMID: 15500863

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