PS50216

DHHC domain profile

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Short nameDHHC

Description

Palmitoylation or, more specificaly S-acylation, plays important roles in the regulation of protein localization, stability, and activity. It is a posttranslational protein modification that involves the attachment of palmitic acid to Cys residues through a thioester linkage. Protein acyltransferases (PATs), also known as palmitoyltransferases, catalyze this reaction by transferring the palmitoyl group from palmitoyl-CoA to the thiol group of Cys residues. They are characterized by the presence of 50-residue- long domain called the DHHC domain, which in most but not all cases is also cysteine-rich and gets its name from a highly conserved DHHC signature tetrapeptide (Asp-His-His-Cys). The Cys residue within the DHHC domain forms a stable acyl intermediate and transfers the acyl chain to the Cys residues of a target protein
[3]
[4]
. Some of the proteins containing a DHHC domain are listed below: - Drosophila DNZ1 protein. - Mouse Abl-philin 2 (Aph2) protein. Interacts with c-Abl. May play a role in apoptosis. - Mammalian ZDHHC9, an integral membrane protein. - Yeast ankyrin repeat-containing protein AKR1. - Yeast Erf2 protein. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and seems to be important for Ras function
[1]
. - Arabidopsis thaliana tip growth defective 1
[2]
. The profile we developed covers the entire DHHC domain.

References

1.Erf2, a novel gene product that affects the localization and palmitoylation of Ras2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bartels DJ, Mitchell DA, Dong X, Deschenes RJ. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 6775-87, (1999). View articlePMID: 10490616

2.The TIP GROWTH DEFECTIVE1 S-acyl transferase regulates plant cell growth in Arabidopsis. Hemsley PA, Kemp AC, Grierson CS. Plant Cell 17, 2554-63, (2005). View articlePMID: 16100337

3.Analysis of substrate specificity of human DHHC protein acyltransferases using a yeast expression system. Ohno Y, Kashio A, Ogata R, Ishitomi A, Yamazaki Y, Kihara A. Mol. Biol. Cell 23, 4543-51, (2012). View articlePMID: 23034182

4.The canonical DHHC motif is not absolutely required for the activity of the yeast S-acyltransferases Swf1 and Pfa4. Gonzalez Montoro A, Chumpen Ramirez S, Valdez Taubas J. J. Biol. Chem. 290, 22448-59, (2015). View articlePMID: 26224664

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