PS51909

Invertebrate (I)-type lysozyme domain profile

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Short nameLYSOZYME_I

Description

Lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) is an ubiquitous enzyme and is widely distributed in a range of phylogenetically diverse organisms from bacteriophage to humans. Lysozyme is mainly involved in the innate immune system and protection of host against microbial infection. The mechanism of lysozyme in killing bacteria is by hydrolyzing the beta-1,4-glycosidic linkages between N-acetyl muramic acid (NAM) and N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) of peptidoglycan (PG), which is a layer in the bacterial cell wall. Based on differences in amino acid sequences, catalytic characteristic, and original sources, lysozymes are classified into chicken (C)-type, goose (G)-type, virus (V)-type, lambda (L)-type, chalaropsis (Ch)-type, plant (P)-type and invertebrate (I)-type. I-type lysozymes have been identified in phylogenetically diverse organisms, including mollusca, nematoda, annelida, arthropoda and echinodermata. I-type lysozymes play an important role in immunity and digestion in invertebrates and are usually regarded as the first barrier against pathogens. The I-type lysozyme has multiple activities. For its muramidase activity, it is identified as lysozyme; for its isopeptidase activity, it is named destabilase; chitinase and non-enzymatic antibacterial activities are also manifested
[3]
[6]
[4]
[2]
. They belong to the glycosyl hydrolase 22 (GH22) family [E1]. The I-type lysozyme domain is characterized by six alpha-helices and one beta- sheet. It contains 14 cysteines that all form disulfide bonds (C1-C12, C2-C14, C3-C4, C5-C6, C7-C10, C8-C9, C11-C13). The catalytic residues are a glutamate in the alpha1-helix and an aspartate in the beta1-strand
[1]
[5]
. The profile we developed covers the entire I-type lysozyme domain.

References

1.Crystal structure of Tapes japonica Lysozyme with substrate analogue: structural basis of the catalytic mechanism and manifestation of its chitinase activity accompanied by quaternary structural change. Goto T, Abe Y, Kakuta Y, Takeshita K, Imoto T, Ueda T. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 27459-67, (2007). View articlePMID: 17631496

2.Four invertebrate-type lysozyme genes from triangle-shell pearl mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii). Ren Q, Qi YL, Hui KM, Zhang Z, Zhang CY, Wang W. Fish Shellfish Immunol 33, 909-15, (2012). PMID: 22884462

3.The lysozyme of the starfish Asterias rubens. A paradygmatic type i lysozyme. Bachali S, Bailly X, Jolles J, Jolles P, Deutsch JS. Eur J Biochem 271, 237-42, (2004). PMID: 14717691

4.Functional analysis of two invertebrate-type lysozymes from red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Zhang HW, Sun C, Sun SS, Zhao XF, Wang JX. Fish Shellfish Immunol 29, 1066-72, (2010). PMID: 20816803

5.The tertiary structure of an i-type lysozyme isolated from the common orient clam (Meretrix lusoria). Kuwano Y, Yoneda K, Kawaguchi Y, Araki T. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 69, 1202-6, (2013). PMID: 24192349

6.Molecular characteristics, expression, and antimicrobial activities of i-type lysozyme from the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta. Chen F, Wei Z, Zhao X, Shao Y, Zhang W. Fish Shellfish Immunol 79, 321-326, (2018). PMID: 29807121

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