PS01035

PTS EIIB domains cysteine phosphorylation site signature

PROSITE patterns entry
Member databasePROSITE patterns
PROSITE patterns typeconserved site
Short namePTS_EIIB_TYPE_1_CYS

Description

The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS)
[7]
[4]
is a major carbohydrate transport system in bacteria. The PTS catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitant with their translocation across the cell membrane. The general mechanism of the PTS is the following: a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is transferred to enzyme I (EI) of PTS which in turn transfers it to a phosphoryl carrier protein (HPr). Phospho-HPr then transfers the phosphoryl group to a sugar-specific permease which consists of at least three structurally distinct domains (IIA, IIB, and IIC),
[3]
which can either be fused together in a single polypeptide chain or exist as two or three interactive chains, formerly called enzymes II (EII) and III (EIII). The first domain (IIA), carries the first permease-specific phosphorylation site, an histidine which is phosphorylated by phospho-HPr. The second domain (IIB) is phosphorylated by phospho-IIA on a cysteinyl or histidyl residue, depending on the sugar transported. Finally, the phosphoryl group is transferred from the IIB domain to the sugar substrate concomitantly with the sugar uptake processed by the IIC domain. The IIC domain forms the translocation channel and the specific substrate-binding site. An additional transmembrane domain IID, homologous to IIC, can be found in some PTSs, e.g. for mannose
[7]
[3]
[5]
[8]
[6]
. According to structural and sequence analyses, the PTS EIIB domain (EC 2.7.1.69) can be divided in five groups
[2]
[9]
. - The PTS EIIB type 1 domain, which is found in the Glucose class of PTS, has an average length of about 80 amino acids. It forms a split alpha/beta sandwich composed of an antiparallel sheet (beta 1 to beta 4) and three alpha helices superimposed onto one side of the sheet. The phosphorylation site (Cys) is located at the end of the first beta strand on a protrusion formed by the edge of beta 1 and the reverse turn between beta 1 and beta 2
[2]
. - The PTS EIIB type 2 domain, which is found in the Mannitol class of PTS, has an average length of about 100 amino acids. It consists of a four stranded parallel beta sheet flanked by two alpha helices (alpha 1 and 3) on one face and helix alpha 2 on the opposite face, with a characteristic Rossmann fold comprising two right-handed beta-alpha-beta motifs. The phosphorylation site (Cys) is located at the N-terminus of the domain, in the first beta strand
[9]
. - The PTS EIIB type 3 domain, which is found in the Lactose class of PTS, has an average length of about 100 amino acids. It is composed of a central four-stranded parallel open twisted beta sheet, which is flanked by three alpha helices on the concave side and two on the convex side of the beta sheet. The phosphorylation site (Cys) is located in the C-terminal end of the first beta strand [9]. - The PTS EIIB type 4 domain, which is found in the Mannose class of PTS, has an average length of about 160 amino acids. It has a central core of seven parallel beta strands surrounded by a total of six alpha-helices. Three helices cover the front face, one the back face with the remaining two capping the central beta sheet at the top and bottom. The phosphorylation site (His) is located at the suface exposed loop between strand 1 and helix 1 [10]. - The PTS EIIB type 5 domain, which is found in the Sorbitol class of PTS, has an average length of about 190 amino acids. The phosphorylation site (Cys) is located in the N-terminus of the domain. The region around the phosphorylated cysteine of some PTS components is well conserved and can be used
[1]
as a signature pattern for the following IIB domains: - Arbutin-, cellobiose- and salicin-specific; IIB(Asc). - Beta-glucosides-specific; IIB(Bgl). - Glucose-specific; IIB(Glc). - N-acetylglucosamine-specific; IIB(Nag). - Sucrose-specific; IIB(Scr). - Maltose and glucose-specific (gene malX). - Trehalose-specific (gene treB). - Escherichia coli arbutin-like (gene glvB). - Bacillus subtilis sacX. A EIIB-like type 2 domain can be found in bacterial transcriptional regulatory proteins
[8]
. In these cases, the EIIB-like domain is found in association with other domains like the DeoR-type HTH domain or the PTS regulatory domain (a transcriptional antiterminator). It may possess a regulatory function, through its phosphorylation activity, or act as a simple phosphoryl donor. We have developed a signature pattern for the phosphorylation site of EIIB domains. We also developed five profiles that cover the entire PTS EIIB domains. These profiles are directed respectively against Glucose class of PTS, Mannitol class of PTS, Lactose class of PTS, Mannose class of PTS, and Sorbitol class of PTS.

References

1.Novel phosphotransferase system genes revealed by bacterial genome analysis: unique, putative fructose- and glucoside-specific systems. Reizer J, Michotey V, Reizer A, Saier MH Jr. Protein Sci. 3, 440-50, (1994). View articlePMID: 8019415

2.Solution structure of the IIB domain of the glucose transporter of Escherichia coli. Eberstadt M, Grdadolnik SG, Gemmecker G, Kessler H, Buhr A, Erni B. Biochemistry 35, 11286-92, (1996). View articlePMID: 8784182

3.Proposed uniform nomenclature for the proteins and protein domains of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system. Saier MH Jr, Reizer J. J. Bacteriol. 174, 1433-8, (1992). View articlePMID: 1537788

4.The bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate: glycose phosphotransferase system. Meadow ND, Fox DK, Roseman S. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 59, 497-542, (1990). View articlePMID: 2197982

5.The bacterial phosphotransferase system: new frontiers 30 years later. Saier MH Jr, Reizer J. Mol. Microbiol. 13, 755-64, (1994). View articlePMID: 7815935

6.Evolution of the bacterial phosphotransferase system: from carriers and enzymes to group translocators. Saier MH, Hvorup RN, Barabote RD. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 33, 220-4, (2005). View articlePMID: 15667312

7.Phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase systems of bacteria. Postma PW, Lengeler JW, Jacobson GR. Microbiol. Rev. 57, 543-94, (1993). View articlePMID: 8246840

8.The complete phosphotranferase system in Escherichia coli. Tchieu JH, Norris V, Edwards JS, Saier MH Jr. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 3, 329-46, (2001). PMID: 11361063

9.Three-dimensional solution structure of the cytoplasmic B domain of the mannitol transporter IImannitol of the Escherichia coli phosphotransferase system. Legler PM, Cai M, Peterkofsky A, Clore GM. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 39115-21, (2004). View articlePMID: 15258141

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