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Homonuclear (1)H-NMR assignment and structural characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat Mal protein.

Grégoire C, Péloponèse JM, Esquieu D, Opi S, Campbell G, Solomiac M, Lebrun E, Lebreton J, Loret EP
Biopolymers 62 324-35 (2001)
Cited: 38 times
EuropePMC logo PMID: 11857271

Abstract

The transacting transcriptional activator (Tat) is a viral protein essential for activation of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genes, and it plays an important role in HIV induced immunodeficiency. We report the NMR structural characterization of the active Tat Mal variant that belongs to a highly virulent D-subtype HIV type-1 (HIV-1) strain (Mal) found mainly in Africa. A full Tat Mal protein (87 residues) is synthesized. This synthetic protein is active in a transactivation assay with HeLa cells infected with the HIV long terminal repeated noncoding sequences of the HIV-1 provirus (LTR) lac Z gene. Homonuclear (1)H-NMR spectra allows the sequential assignment of the Tat Mal spin systems. Simulating annealing generates 20 conformers with similar folding. The geometry of the mean structure is optimized with energy minimization to obtain a final structure. As the European variant (Tat Bru) the N-terminal region of Tat Mal constitutes the core, and there is a hydrophobic pocket composed of the conserved Trp 11 interacting with several aromatic residues. The two functional regions of Tat (basic and the cysteine-rich regions) are well exposed to the solvent. A short alpha-helix is observed in region V adjacent to the basic region. This alpha helix induces local structural variations compared to the NMR structure of Tat Bru, and it brings the cysteine-rich and basic regions closer. This study suggests that similar folding exists among Tat variants.

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  1. HIV Tat protein and amyloid-β peptide form multifibrillar structures that cause neurotoxicity. Hategan A, Bianchet MA, Steiner J, Karnaukhova E, Masliah E, Fields A, Lee MH, Dickens AM, Haughey N, Dimitriadis EK, Nath A. Nat Struct Mol Biol 24 379-386 (2017)
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Reviews citing this publication (8)

  1. Role of Tat protein in HIV neuropathogenesis. Li W, Li G, Steiner J, Nath A. Neurotox Res 16 205-220 (2009)
  2. Membrane Active Peptides and Their Biophysical Characterization. Avci FG, Akbulut BS, Ozkirimli E. Biomolecules 8 E77 (2018)
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  4. Tits and bits of HIV Tat protein. Johri MK, Mishra R, Chhatbar C, Unni SK, Singh SK. Expert Opin Biol Ther 11 269-283 (2011)
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  7. Fab'-induced folding of antigenic N-terminal peptides from intrinsically disordered HIV-1 Tat revealed by X-ray crystallography. Serrière J, Dugua JM, Bossus M, Verrier B, Haser R, Gouet P, Guillon C. J Mol Biol 405 33-42 (2011)
  8. HIV-1 Tat amino acid residues that influence Tat-TAR binding affinity: a scoping review. Gotora PT, van der Sluis R, Williams ME. BMC Infect Dis 23 164 (2023)

Articles citing this publication (24)

  1. Clade-specific differences in neurotoxicity of human immunodeficiency virus-1 B and C Tat of human neurons: significance of dicysteine C30C31 motif. Mishra M, Vetrivel S, Siddappa NB, Ranga U, Seth P. Ann Neurol 63 366-376 (2008)
  2. HIV-1 Tat is a natively unfolded protein: the solution conformation and dynamics of reduced HIV-1 Tat-(1-72) by NMR spectroscopy. Shojania S, O'Neil JD. J Biol Chem 281 8347-8356 (2006)
  3. HIV-1 tat promotes integrin-mediated HIV transmission to dendritic cells by binding Env spikes and competes neutralization by anti-HIV antibodies. Monini P, Cafaro A, Srivastava IK, Moretti S, Sharma VA, Andreini C, Chiozzini C, Ferrantelli F, Cossut MR, Tripiciano A, Nappi F, Longo O, Bellino S, Picconi O, Fanales-Belasio E, Borsetti A, Toschi E, Schiavoni I, Bacigalupo I, Kan E, Sernicola L, Maggiorella MT, Montin K, Porcu M, Leone P, Leone P, Collacchi B, Palladino C, Ridolfi B, Falchi M, Macchia I, Ulmer JB, Buttò S, Sgadari C, Magnani M, Federico MP, Titti F, Banci L, Dallocchio F, Rappuoli R, Ensoli F, Barnett SW, Garaci E, Ensoli B. PLoS One 7 e48781 (2012)
  4. Tat-neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated macaques. Tikhonov I, Ruckwardt TJ, Hatfield GS, Pauza CD. J Virol 77 3157-3166 (2003)
  5. γ-AApeptides bind to RNA by mimicking RNA-binding proteins. Niu Y, Jones AJ, Wu H, Varani G, Cai J. Org Biomol Chem 9 6604-6609 (2011)
  6. Differential induction of rat neuronal excitotoxic cell death by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade B and C tat proteins. Campbell GR, Watkins JD, Loret EP, Spector SA. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 27 647-654 (2011)
  7. Reservoir cells no longer detectable after a heterologous SHIV challenge with the synthetic HIV-1 Tat Oyi vaccine. Watkins JD, Lancelot S, Campbell GR, Esquieu D, de Mareuil J, Opi S, Annappa S, Salles JP, Loret EP. Retrovirology 3 8 (2006)
  8. Full-length HIV-1 Tat protein necessary for a vaccine. Opi S, Péloponèse JM, Esquieu D, Watkins J, Campbell G, De Mareuil J, Jeang KT, Yirrell DL, Kaleebu P, Loret EP. Vaccine 22 3105-3111 (2004)
  9. Modulation of microtubule assembly by the HIV-1 Tat protein is strongly dependent on zinc binding to Tat. Egelé C, Barbier P, Didier P, Piémont E, Allegro D, Chaloin O, Muller S, Peyrot V, Mély Y. Retrovirology 5 62 (2008)
  10. Peptide derived from HIV-1 TAT protein destabilizes a monolayer of endothelial cells in an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier and allows permeation of high molecular weight proteins. Cooper I, Sasson K, Teichberg VI, Schnaider-Beeri M, Fridkin M, Shechter Y. J Biol Chem 287 44676-44683 (2012)
  11. UV and X-ray structural studies of a 101-residue long Tat protein from a HIV-1 primary isolate and of its mutated, detoxified, vaccine candidate. Foucault M, Mayol K, Receveur-Bréchot V, Bussat MC, Klinguer-Hamour C, Verrier B, Beck A, Haser R, Gouet P, Guillon C. Proteins 78 1441-1456 (2010)
  12. Identification of amino acids that promote specific and rigid TAR RNA-tat protein complex formation. Edwards TE, Robinson BH, Sigurdsson ST. Chem Biol 12 329-337 (2005)
  13. Homonuclear 1H NMR and circular dichroism study of the HIV-1 Tat Eli variant. Watkins JD, Campbell GR, Halimi H, Loret EP. Retrovirology 5 83 (2008)
  14. Comparative analysis of HIV-1 Tat variants. Pantano S, Carloni P. Proteins 58 638-643 (2005)
  15. Zn2+ binding to cysteine-rich domain of extracellular human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein is associated with Tat protein-induced apoptosis. Misumi S, Takamune N, Ohtsubo Y, Waniguchi K, Shoji S. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 20 297-304 (2004)
  16. Sequence variation within the dominant amino terminus epitope affects antibody binding and neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein. Ruckwardt TJ, Tikhonov I, Berg S, Hatfield GS, Chandra A, Chandra P, Gilliam B, Redfield RR, Gallo RC, Pauza CD. J Virol 78 13190-13196 (2004)
  17. Tat mutations in an African cohort that do not prevent transactivation but change its immunogenic properties. Campbell GR, Senkaali D, Watkins J, Esquieu D, Opi S, Yirrell DL, Kaleebu P, Loret EP. Vaccine 25 8441-8447 (2007)
  18. HIV-1 Tat Protein Enters Dysfunctional Endothelial Cells via Integrins and Renders Them Permissive to Virus Replication. Cafaro A, Barillari G, Moretti S, Palladino C, Tripiciano A, Falchi M, Picconi O, Pavone Cossut MR, Campagna M, Arancio A, Sgadari C, Andreini C, Banci L, Monini P, Ensoli B. Int J Mol Sci 22 E317 (2020)
  19. Small HIV-1-Tat peptides inhibit HIV replication in cultured T-cells. Löhr M, Kibler KV, Zachary I, Jeang KT, Selwood DL. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 300 609-613 (2003)
  20. A possible improvement for structure-based drug design illustrated by the discovery of a Tat HIV-1 inhibitor. Montembault M, Vo-Thanh G, Deyine A, Fargeas V, Villiéras M, Adjou A, Dubreuil D, Esquieu D, Grégoire C, Opi S, Péloponèse JM, Campbell G, Watkins J, de Mareuil J, Aubertin AM, Bailly C, Loret E, Lebreton J. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 14 1543-1546 (2004)
  21. Identification of a highly conserved surface on Tat variants. Mediouni S, Darque A, Ravaux I, Baillat G, Devaux C, Loret EP. J Biol Chem 288 19072-19080 (2013)
  22. HIV-1 Tat Binding to PCAF Bromodomain: Structural Determinants from Computational Methods. Quy VC, Pantano S, Rossetti G, Giacca M, Carloni P. Biology (Basel) 1 277-296 (2012)
  23. Putative role of Tat-Env interaction in HIV infection. Poon S, Moscoso CG, Xing L, Kan E, Sun Y, Kolatkar PR, Vahlne AG, Srivastava IK, Barnett SW, Cheng RH. AIDS 27 2345-2354 (2013)
  24. Structural Insights into the Mechanism of HIV-1 Tat Secretion from the Plasma Membrane. Ghanam RH, Eastep GN, Saad JS. J Mol Biol 435 167880 (2023)


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