2aof Citations

Molecular basis for substrate recognition and drug resistance from 1.1 to 1.6 angstroms resolution crystal structures of HIV-1 protease mutants with substrate analogs.

FEBS J 272 5265-77 (2005)
Related entries: 2aoc, 2aod, 2aoe, 2aog, 2aoh, 2aoi, 2aoj

Cited: 53 times
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Abstract

HIV-1 protease (PR) and two drug-resistant variants--PR with the V82A mutation (PR(V82A)) and PR with the I84V mutation (PR(I84V))--were studied using reduced peptide analogs of five natural cleavage sites (CA-p2, p2-NC, p6pol-PR, p1-p6 and NC-p1) to understand the structural and kinetic changes. The common drug-resistant mutations V82A and I84V alter residues forming the substrate-binding site. Eight crystal structures were refined at resolutions of 1.10-1.60 A. Differences in the PR-analog interactions depended on the peptide sequence and were consistent with the relative inhibition. Analog p6(pol)-PR formed more hydrogen bonds of P2 Asn with PR and fewer van der Waals contacts at P1' Pro compared with those formed by CA-p2 or p2-NC in PR complexes. The P3 Gly in p1-p6 provided fewer van der Waals contacts and hydrogen bonds at P2-P3 and more water-mediated interactions. PR(I84V) showed reduced van der Waals interactions with inhibitor compared with PR, which was consistent with kinetic data. The structures suggest that the binding affinity for mutants is modulated by the conformational flexibility of the substrate analogs. The complexes of PR(V82A) showed smaller shifts of the main chain atoms of Ala82 relative to PR, but more movement of the peptide analog, compared to complexes with clinical inhibitors. PR(V82A) was able to compensate for the loss of interaction with inhibitor caused by mutation, in agreement with kinetic data, but substrate analogs have more flexibility than the drugs to accommodate the structural changes caused by mutation. Hence, these structures help to explain how HIV can develop drug resistance while retaining the ability of PR to hydrolyze natural substrates.

Articles - 2aof mentioned but not cited (1)

  1. Molecular basis for substrate recognition and drug resistance from 1.1 to 1.6 angstroms resolution crystal structures of HIV-1 protease mutants with substrate analogs. Tie Y, Boross PI, Wang YF, Gaddis L, Liu F, Chen X, Tozser J, Harrison RW, Weber IT. FEBS J 272 5265-5277 (2005)


Reviews citing this publication (5)

  1. Recent Progress in the Development of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors for the Treatment of HIV/AIDS. Ghosh AK, Osswald HL, Prato G. J Med Chem 59 5172-5208 (2016)
  2. Resilience to resistance of HIV-1 protease inhibitors: profile of darunavir. Lefebvre E, Schiffer CA. AIDS Rev 10 131-142 (2008)
  3. Enhancing protein backbone binding--a fruitful concept for combating drug-resistant HIV. Ghosh AK, Anderson DD, Weber IT, Mitsuya H. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 51 1778-1802 (2012)
  4. HIV Genome-Wide Protein Associations: a Review of 30 Years of Research. Li G, De Clercq E. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 80 679-731 (2016)
  5. Comprehending the Structure, Dynamics, and Mechanism of Action of Drug-Resistant HIV Protease. Dakshinamoorthy A, Asmita A, Senapati S. ACS Omega 8 9748-9763 (2023)

Articles citing this publication (47)