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BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 escape antibodies elicited by Omicron infection.

<div class='caption-title'>Structural and receptor-binding characteristics of Omicron subvariants.</div>
<div class='caption-title'>BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 exhibit stronger antibody evasion than BA.2.</div>
<div class='caption-title'>Isolation, characterization, and comprehensive epitope mapping of SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies.</div>
Cao Y, Yisimayi A, Jian F, Song W, Xiao T, Wang L, Du S, Wang J, Li Q, Chen X, Yu Y, Wang P, Zhang Z, Liu P, An R, Hao X, Wang Y, Wang J, Feng R, Sun H, Zhao L, Zhang W, Zhao D, Zheng J, Yu L, Li C, Zhang N, Wang R, Niu X, Yang S, Song X, Chai Y, Hu Y, Shi Y, Zheng L, Li Z, Gu Q, Shao F, Huang W, Jin R, Shen Z, Wang Y, Wang X, Xiao J, Xie XS
OpenAccess logo Nature (2022)
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Cited: 693 times
EuropePMC logo PMID: 35714668

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 exhibit higher transmissibility over BA.21. The new variants' receptor binding and immune evasion capability require immediate investigation. Here, coupled with Spike structural comparisons, we show that BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5 exhibit comparable ACE2-binding affinities to BA.2. Importantly, BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5 display stronger neutralization evasion than BA.2 against the plasma from 3-dose vaccination and, most strikingly, from post-vaccination BA.1 infections. To delineate the underlying antibody evasion mechanism, we determined the escaping mutation profiles2, epitope distribution3 and Omicron neutralization efficacy of 1640 RBD-directed neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), including 614 isolated from BA.1 convalescents. Interestingly, post-vaccination BA.1 infection mainly recalls wildtype-induced humoral memory. The resulting elicited antibodies could neutralize both wildtype and BA.1 and are enriched on non-ACE2-competing epitopes. However, most of these cross-reactive NAbs are heavily escaped by L452Q, L452R and F486V. BA.1 infection can also induce new clones of BA.1-specific antibodies that potently neutralize BA.1; nevertheless, these NAbs are largely escaped by BA.2/BA.4/BA.5 due to D405N and F486V, and react weakly to pre-Omicron variants, exhibiting poor neutralization breadths. As for therapeutic NAbs, Bebtelovimab4 and Cilgavimab5 can effectively neutralize BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5, while the S371F, D405N and R408S mutations would undermine most broad sarbecovirus NAbs. Together, our results indicate that Omicron may evolve mutations to evade the humoral immunity elicited by BA.1 infection, suggesting that BA.1-derived vaccine boosters may not achieve broad-spectrum protection against new Omicron variants.

Articles - 7wro mentioned but not cited (1)

  1. Rational identification of potent and broad sarbecovirus-neutralizing antibody cocktails from SARS convalescents. Cao Y, Jian F, Zhang Z, Yisimayi A, Hao X, Bao L, Yuan F, Yu Y, Du S, Wang J, Xiao T, Song W, Zhang Y, Liu P, An R, Wang P, Wang Y, Yang S, Niu X, Zhang Y, Gu Q, Shao F, Hu Y, Yin W, Zheng A, Wang Y, Qin C, Jin R, Xiao J, Xie XS. Cell Rep 41 111845 (2022)


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